This painting titled Corpses of the De Witt Brothers was created by the Dutch artist Jan de Baen in the period of Baroque using the technique of Oil on canvas.
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Date: 1672
Movement: Baroque
Theme: History
Technique: Oil on canvas
Museum:
Rijksmuseum
Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Description: Dimensions: 70 x 56 cm
Description: Dimensions: 70 x 56 cm
Unique URL: http://www.terminartors.com/baen-jan-de/corpses-of-the-de-witt-brothers-1014330-p
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Comments (1)
Hekendorp and IJsselveere[1] (Dordrecht, Netherlands, 24 September
1625 – The Hague, Netherlands, 20 August 1672) was a key figure in
Dutch politics at a time when the Republic of the United Provinces was
one of the Great Powers in Europe, dominating trade routes and thus
one of the wealthiest and mightiest nations in the world.
Johan de Witt was born as the son of Jacob de Witt, an influential
burgher from the patrician class in the city of Dordrecht which, in
the seventeenth century, was one of the most important cities of the
dominating province of Holland. Johan and his older brother Cornelis
de Witt grew up in a privileged environment in terms of education, his
father having important scholars and scientists, such as Isaac
Beeckman, Jacob Cats, Gerhard Vossius and Andreas Colvius as good
acquaintances. Jacob de Witt greatly valued stoicism.
Johan and Cornelis both attended the latin school in Dordrecht, which
impregnated both brothers even more with the values of the Roman
Republic. As Johan proved to be a highly gifted student, he was
rewarded by being allowed the role of Julius Caesar in a school play.
After having attended the Latin school in Dordrecht (this school still
exists under the name of Johan de Witt-Gymnasium), he studied at the
University of Leiden where he excelled at mathematics and law. He
received his doctorate from the University of Angers in 1645. He
practiced law as an attorney in The Hague as an associate with the
firm of Frans van Schooten.
In 1650 he was appointed leader of the deputation of Dordrecht to the
States of Holland, the year that stadtholder William II of Orange
died. In 1653 De Witt became 'raadpensionaris', a sort of chairman, of
the States of Holland. Holland being the most powerful province, he
was effectively the political leader of the United Provinces as a
whole. That is why the 'raadpensionaris' of Holland was also referred
to as the Grand Pensionary.
Johan de Witt brought about peace with England after the First
Anglo-Dutch War with the Treaty of Westminster in the year 1654. The
peace treaty had a secret annex, the Act of Seclusion, forbidding the
Dutch ever to appoint William II's toddler son as stadtholder. This
annex had been attached on instigation of Cromwell, who felt that,
William III being a grandson of the executed Charles I, it was not in
the interests of his own republican regime to see William ever gaining
political power. Influenced by the values of the Roman republic, De
Witt did his utmost anyway to prevent any member of the House of
Orange from gaining power, convincing many provinces to abolish the
stadtholderate entirely. He bolstered his policy by publicly endorsing
the theory of republicanism. He is known to have contributed
personally to the Interest of Holland, a radical republican textbook
published in 1662 by his supporter Pieter de la Court.
De Witt's power base was the wealthy merchant class of which he was
born. This class broadly coincided politically with the "States
faction", stressing Protestant religious moderation and pragmatic
foreign policy defending commercial interests. The "Orange faction",
consisting of the middle class, preferred a strong leader from the
House of Orange as a counterweight against the rich upperclasses, in
economic and religious matters alike, although leaders that did emerge
from the House of Orange rarely were strict calvinists themselves. In
the period following the Treaty of Westminster the Republic grew in
wealth and influence under De Witt's leadership. De Witt created a
strong navy, appointing one of his political cronies,
Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam, as supreme commander of
the confederate fleet. Later De Witt became a personal friend of
Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter. The Second Anglo-Dutch War began
in 1665, lasting until 1667 when it ended with the Treaty of Breda, in
which De Witt negotiated very favorable agreements for the Republic
after the partial destruction of the British fleet in the Raid on the
Medway, initiated by De Witt himself and executed in 1666 by De Ruyter.
At about the time the Treaty of Breda was concluded De Witt made
another attempt at pacification of the quarrel between States Party
and Orangists over the position of the Prince of Orange. He proposed
to have William appointed captain-general of the Union on reaching the
age of majority (23), on condition, however, that this office would be
declared incompatible with that of stadtholder in all of the
provinces. For good measure the stadtholderate was abolished in
Holland itself. This Perpetual Edict (1667) was enacted by the States
of Holland on August 5, 1667, and recognized by the States-General on
a four-to-three vote in January, 1668.
His pro-French policy however would prove to be his undoing. In the
Dutch rampjaar (disaster year) of 1672, when France and England during
the Franco-Dutch War (Third Anglo-Dutch War) attacked the Republic,
the Orangists took power by force and expelled him. Recovering from an
earlier attempt on his life in June, he was assassinated by a
carefully organized lynch "mob" after visiting his brother Cornelis de
Witt in prison. He was decoyed into this trap by a forged letter.
After the arrival of Johan de Witt the city guard was sent away to
stop plundering farmers, the farmers were not found. Without any
protection against the assembled mob the brothers were doomed. They
were taken out of the prison and on their way to the scaffold killed.
Immediately after their death the bodies were mutilated and fingers
toes and other parts were cut off. The heart of Cornelis de Witt was
exhibited for many years next to his brother's by one of the
ringleaders, the silversmith Hendrik Verhoeff.
Nowadays most historians assume that his adversary and successor as
leader of the government stadtholder William III of Orange was
involved. At the very least he protected and rewarded the killers.
(Soruce: Wikipedia)